How to install Git on Linux

# Ubuntu/Debian (apt)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

# CentOS/RHEL 7 (yum)
sudo yum install git

# CentOS/RHEL 8+ (dnf)
sudo dnf install git

# Fedora (dnf)
sudo dnf install git

# Arch Linux (pacman)
sudo pacman -S git

# openSUSE (zypper)
sudo zypper install git

# Alpine Linux (apk)
sudo apk add git

# Amazon Linux (yum)
sudo yum install git

# Verify installation
git --version
# Output: git version 2.x.x

# Check installation path
which git
# Output: /usr/bin/git

# Alternative: Install latest version from source
# Download latest source
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.42.0.tar.gz
tar -xzf v2.42.0.tar.gz
cd git-2.42.0

# Install dependencies (Ubuntu/Debian)
sudo apt install make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libreadline-dev autoconf build-essential gettext

# Install dependencies (CentOS/RHEL)
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
sudo yum install gettext-devel openssl-devel perl-CPAN perl-devel zlib-devel curl-devel

# Compile and install
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make all
sudo make install

# Alternative: Install via Snap (if available)
sudo snap install git --classic

# Alternative: Install via Flatpak
flatpak install flathub org.git_scm.Git

# Post-installation configuration
# Set up user identity
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

# Configure default editor
git config --global core.editor "nano"  # or vim, code, etc.

# Configure line endings (important for cross-platform)
git config --global core.autocrlf input

# Set default branch name
git config --global init.defaultBranch main

# Configure credential helper
git config --global credential.helper store

# View configuration
git config --list

# View specific config
git config user.name
git config user.email

# Distribution-specific advanced installation

# Ubuntu/Debian: Install latest Git from PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

# CentOS/RHEL: Install from IUS repository for latest version
sudo yum install https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm
sudo yum install git236

# Fedora: Install development tools with Git
sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools and Libraries"
sudo dnf install git

# Arch Linux: Install with additional tools
sudo pacman -S git git-lfs gitk git-gui

# Docker container installation
# Create Dockerfile for Git-enabled container
cat > Dockerfile << 'EOF'
FROM ubuntu:22.04

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y git && \
    apt-get clean && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Set up Git user (replace with your details)
RUN git config --global user.name "Container User" && \
    git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

WORKDIR /workspace
EOF

# Build and run container
docker build -t git-container .
docker run -it -v $(pwd):/workspace git-container bash

# Verify Git works in container
git --version

# Troubleshooting common issues

# Fix "git: command not found" error
echo $PATH  # Check if /usr/bin is in PATH
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/git /usr/local/bin/git  # Create symlink if needed

# Update Git to latest version
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade git

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum update git

# Check for multiple Git installations
whereis git
ls -la /usr/bin/git*

# Remove old Git version before installing new one
sudo apt remove git      # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo yum remove git      # CentOS/RHEL

# Install Git with development headers (for building extensions)
sudo apt install git git-core git-man    # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo yum install git git-core git-devel  # CentOS/RHEL

# Set up Git aliases for common commands
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'
git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD'
git config --global alias.visual '!gitk'

# Test Git installation with a sample repository
mkdir test-repo
cd test-repo
git init
echo "# Test Repository" > README.md
git add README.md
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git log --oneline

# Clean up test
cd ..
rm -rf test-repo