Merging objects is a common pattern when combining configuration options, updating state, or processing API responses. As the creator of CoreUI, a widely used open-source UI library, I’ve merged objects extensively for component configuration and theme customization. From my expertise, the most elegant and modern solution is using the spread operator to combine objects. This approach is clean, readable, and handles property overriding naturally.

Cloning objects is crucial when you need to create copies without affecting the original object, especially in state management and functional programming. As the creator of CoreUI, a widely used open-source UI library, I’ve implemented object cloning countless times in component state handling and data manipulation. From my expertise, the most modern and clean approach is using the spread operator for shallow cloning. This method is concise, readable, and well-supported across all modern browsers.